.. _2017_cause_neonatal_encephalopathy:

==============================================================
Neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and birth trauma
==============================================================

Disease Description
-------------------

Case definition in GBD 2017
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) due to birth asphyxia and birth trauma, also called
hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, is defined as injury to the brain in the first
few moments or days of life in an infant born at term. NE has multiple
aetiologies and is defined more by its symptoms -- abnormal neurological
function, including reduced level of consciousness, seizures, depression of tone
and reflexes, or difficulty maintaining respiration -- than its origin. NE can
occur when an infant is deprived of oxygen during delivery or sustains physical
trauma to the head, among other causes.

.. todo::

   Add more information about neonatal encephalopathy. Here are some informative
   links, found by googling "neonatal encephalopathy":

   - https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/neonatal-encephalopathy
   - https://www.uptodate.com/contents/clinical-features-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-neonatal-encephalopathy
   - https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/133/5/e1482
   - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_encephalopathy

Modeling neonatal encephalopathy in GBD 2017
--------------------------------------------

.. todo::
   Describe GBD modeling process.

Cause Hierarchy
+++++++++++++++

.. image:: neonatal_encephalopathy_hierarchy.svg

Cause Model Diagram
-------------------

There are two possible states for this cause, **with-condition**,  and
**free-of-condition**:

.. image:: neonatal_encephalopathy_cause_model_diagram.svg

There is no transition between the states. **Thus, incidence and remission
rates are zero.**

Data Description
----------------

State and Transition Data Tables
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

.. list-table:: State Definitions
   :widths: 1, 5, 10
   :header-rows: 1

   * - State
     - State Name
     - Definition
   * - C
     - With **C**\ ondition
     - Infant developed encephalopathy
   * - F
     - **F**\ ree of Condition
     - Infant did not develop encephalopathy

.. list-table:: State Data
   :widths: 1, 5, 5, 10
   :header-rows: 1

   * - State
     - Measure
     - Value
     - Notes
   * - C
     - prevalence
     - prevalence_c382
     -
   * - C
     - birth prevalence
     - birth_prevalence_c382
     -
   * - C
     - excess mortality rate
     - :math:`\frac{\text{deaths\_c382}}{\text{population} \,\times\, \text{prevalence\_c382}}`
     - = (cause-specific mortality rate) / prevalence
   * - C
     - disability weight
     - :math:`\displaystyle{\sum_{s\in \text{sequelae\_c382}}} \scriptstyle{\text{disability\_weight}_s \,\times\, \text{prevalence}_s}`
     - = average disability weight over all sequelae
   * - F
     - prevalence
     - 1 -- prevalence_c382
     -
   * - F
     - birth prevalence
     - 1 -- birth_prevalence_c382
     -
   * - F
     - excess mortality rate
     - 0
     -
   * - F
     - disability weight
     - 0
     -
   * - All
     - cause-specific mortality rate
     - :math:`\frac{\text{deaths\_c382}}{\text{population}}`
     -

.. list-table:: Transition Data
   :widths: 1, 1, 1, 5, 10
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Transition
     - Source State
     - Sink State
     - Value
     - Notes
   * - N/A
     - N/A
     - N/A
     - N/A
     - N/A

.. list-table:: Data Sources and Definitions
   :widths: 1, 3, 10, 10
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Value
     - Source
     - Description
     - Notes
   * - prevalence_c382
     - como
     - Prevalence of neonatal encephalopathy
     -
   * - birth_prevalence_c382
     - como
     - Birth prevalence of neonatal encephalopathy
     - age_group_id = 164 (at birth) and measure = 6 (incidence)
   * - deaths_c382
     - codcorrect
     - Deaths from neonatal encephalopathy
     -
   * - population
     - demography
     - Mid-year population for given age/sex/year/location
     -
   * - sequelae_c382
     - gbd_mapping
     - List of 17 sequelae for neonatal encephalopathy
     -
   * - prevalence_s{`sid`}
     - como
     - Prevalence of sequela with id `sid`
     -
   * - disability_weight_s{`sid`}
     - YLD Appendix
     - Disability weight of sequela with id `sid`
     -

.. todo::

   Finalize heading structure and titles, once we have several sufficiently
   complete cause documents. E.g. should the title of this section be "Data
   Description" or "State and Transition Data Tables" since that's more
   descriptive? Will there be other subsections here?

Model Assumptions and Limitations
---------------------------------

Restrictions
++++++++++++

The following table describes any restrictions in GBD 2017 on the effects of
this cause (such as being only fatal or only nonfatal), as well as restrictions
on the ages and sexes to which the cause applies.

.. list-table:: GBD 2017 Cause Restrictions
   :widths: 15 15 20
   :header-rows: 1

   * - Restriction Type
     - Value
     - Notes
   * - Male only
     - False
     -
   * - Female only
     - False
     -
   * - YLL only
     - False
     -
   * - YLD only
     - False
     -
   * - YLL age group start
     - Early Neonatal
     - [0, 7 days), age_group_id=2
   * - YLL age group end
     - Post Neonatal
     - [28 days, 1 year), age_group_id=4
   * - YLD age group start
     - Early Neonatal
     - [0, 7 days), age_group_id=2
   * - YLD age group end
     - 95 plus
     - [95, 125 years), age_group_id=235


Scope
+++++

.. todo::

  Describe assumptions and limitations of the model.

Validation Criteria
-------------------

.. todo::

  Describe tests for model validation.

References
----------